Calculating machine



March 20, 1945.

Filed May 2, 195a C. M. FRIDEN CALCULATING MACHINE 17 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR Car/ M F/"I'Gel? ATTORNEY March 20, 1945. c. M. FRIDEN 2,371,752

CALCULATING MACHINE Filed May 2, 1958 17 Sheets-Sheet 2 Ry L 1 INVElNTO Car/ M. Fr/aen ATTORNEY March 20, 1945. c. M. FRIDEN CALCULATING MACHINE Filed May 2, 1958 17 Sheets-Sheet 5 m m v w m U mu n & F .l, \llll M C E J Q mm 5 3 g v RQ Q v Q m ww \Q i z Qfi Q Q Q Q I mn mHr l Hl ATTORNEY.

March 20, 1945. c. M. FRIDEN 2,371,752

CALCULATING MACHINE Filed May 2, 1958 17 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR. Car/ M. Fr/a'en' BY 9,44 M $4- ATTORNEY.

1 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR. Car/ M. Fr/den g g- W flan ATTORNEY.

March 20, 1945. c. M. FRIDEN CALCULATING MACHINE Flled May 2, 1938 March 20, 1945. c, M. FRIDEN 2,371,752

CALCULATING MACHINE Filed May 2, 1938 17 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTOR I Car/ M. Fr/den TORNEY March 20, 1945. c. M. FRIDEN CALCULATINQ MACHINE Filed May 2, 1938 l7 Sheets-Sheet 7 ATTORNEY March 20, 1945.

C. M. FRlDEN CALCULATING MACHINE Filed May 2, 1958 17 Sheets-Sheet 8 lNVEN OR Car/ M Fr/den ATTORNEY md mirhfi March 20, 1945. c; M. FRlDEN CALCULATING MACHINE Filed May 2, 1958 17 Sheets-Sheet 9 INVENTOR. Fr/der/ (52/ M. BY W ya.

ATT RNEY C. M. FRIDEN CALCULATING MACHINE March 20, 1945.

Filed May 2, 1938 1'7 Sheets-Sheet ll .INVENTOR I ZZZ Car/ M. Fr/oen QM My.

ATTORNEY March 20, 1945. Q FRlDEN CALCULATING MACHINE Filed May 2, 1938 '17 Sheets-Sheet 12 ATTORN EY March 20, c M FRlDEN I CALCULATING MACHINE Filed May 2, 1938 1'7 Sheets-Sheet 15 INVENTOR Car/ M. Fr'loefl ATTORNEY March 20, 1945. c. M. FRIDEN CALCULATING MACHINE Filed May 2, 1938 17 Sheets-Sheet 14 Q mm a INVENTOR Car/ M.Fr/der7 BY 4.

ATTORNEY March 20, 1945.

C. M. FRIDEN CALCULATING MACHINE Filed May 2, 1958 17 Sheets-Sheet l5 .INVENTOR Car/ M FF/OGF/ BY 63%;; My fi/(A ATTORNEY March 20, 1945. c. M. FRIDEN CALCULATING M ACHINE Filed May 2, 1938 17 Sheets-Sheet l6 mg g 0&

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INVENTOR.

BY Z4 ATTORNEY Patented Mar. 20, 1945 CALCULATING MACHINE Carl M. Friden,

Oakland, Calif., assignor to Friden Calculating Machine 00., Inc., a corporation of California Application May 2, 1938, SerialNo. 205,546

15 Claims.

ploying uni-directionally operable actuating means and embodying improved means for performing plural order multiplying operations.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved calculating machine embodying plural order multiplying mechanism in which the entire multiplying operation is carried out during continuous uninterrupted operation 01' the driving and actuating means through a single path of power flow.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved calculating machine embodying plural order multiplying mechanism in which the clutch providing the sole drive connection from the source of power remains engaged from the beginning to the end of a multiplying operation.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved calculating machine embodying plural order multiplying mechanism in which the product can be entered either additively or subtractively in the accumulator.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved calculating machine having plural order multiplying mechanism and means for returning a shii'table register to a selected position and for then resetting the register to zero, in which the multiplier can be set into the machine during operation of the register return and resetting means.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved plural order mult plying mechanism for calculating machines in which the various machine controls are adjusted to and from active position by power, when enabled by the control keys therefor.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved plural order multiplying mechanism for calculating machines in which the multiplier selection mechanism can be zeroized in the event an erroneous multiplier digit is set therein.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved plural order multiplying mechanism for calculatng machines in which the digits of the multiplier digit are displayed to enable checking thereof before the multiplying operation is started.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.

Dsscarr'rron or FIGURES Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a calculating machine embodying my invention, the casing being partly broken away to show the arrangement of the frame plates.

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional elevation through the rear portion of a calculating machine, the view being taken in a vertical plane through the line 2--2 in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary plan view of a part of the selecting and actuating mechanisms and is taken as indicated by the line 3-3 in Fig. 2. The teeth of the actuating cylinders are omitted to clarify the view.

Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional elevation illustrating a part of the actuating and selecting mechanisms and is taken in the plane of the line 4-4 in Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional elevation through the machine taken in a vertical plane through the line 5-5 in Fig. 1, and illustrates part of the drive mechanism and certain of the control mechanism associated therewith including the carriage shift keys and one of the carriage return and clear keys.

Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation of a part of the operation controlv mechanism including the plus and minus keys and the division lever, the view being taken in a vertical plane through the line 6-8 in Fig. 1.

Fig. 7 is a rear elevation of the calculating machine with certain parts shown in section, the view being taken as indicated by the line 11 in F18. 2.

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary plan view of the shift drive mechanism with certain parts of the mechanism omitted, the view being indicated by the line 8-8 in Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a plan view 0! the left side or the machine with the casing partially broken away and the carriage omitted to disclose parts oi the multiplier mechanism.

Fig. 10 is a sectional elevation 01' a part of the multiplier mechanism as viewed from the left, the view being taken as indicated by the line lO-lli in Fig. 9. 5

Fig. 11 is a sectional elevation of a part of the multiplier mechanism as viewed from the right side, the view being taken in the plane of the line ll-H in Fig. 9.

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary plan view, partly in section of a ortion of the multiplier control mechanism, the view being taken as indicated by the line I2-i2 in Fig. 23.

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary view similar to the front portion of Fig. 11. but showing the parts as positioned with one of the multiplier keys depressed.

Fig. 14 is a fragmentary sectional elevation thru a part of the multiplier mechanism as indicated by the line I l-44 in Fig. 28.

Fig. 15 is a detail perspective view of one of the selection levers of the multiplier mechanism.

Fig. 16 is a horizontal sectional view thru the multiplier keyboard mechanism taken in the plane of the line l6-IB in Fig. 11.

Fig. l7is an elevational view of the lower or front end of the multiplier keyboard with the supporting plates therefor shown in section.-

Fig. 18 is an elevational view of the multiplier keyboard from the upper or rear end with the supporting plates therefor shown in section.

Fig. 19 is a fragmentary view similar to Fig. 18, but showing the parts as conditioned with one of the multiplier keys depressed.

Fig, 20 is a detail perspective view of one of the multiplier keys.

Fig. 21 is an enlarged sectional elevation of the multiplier selection pin carriage.

Fig. 22 is a plan view partially in section of I the multiplier selection pin carriage.

Fig. 23 is a left side elevational view of the multiplier mechanism as seen with casing removed.

Fig. 24 is a view similar to Fig. 23 but showing line 26--26 in Fig. 25.

Fig, 27 is a fragmentary elevation-a1 view partly vin section of the positive and'negative multiplication keys and associated mechanism as indicated by the line 21-21 in Fig. 9.

Fig. 28 is a right side elevational view partly in section of the multiplier correction key and the return clearance key adjacent thereto, together with certain parts controlled thereby as indicated by line 28-28 in Fig. 1.

Fig. 29 is a fragmentary elevational view, partly in section. of a portion of the control means for the multiplication mechanism, similar to the rearward portions of Figs. 23 and 24. The parts are shown in the relative positions occupied near the beginning of an actuating cycle prior to the last actuating cycle of an ordinal multiplication,

i. e. when the cam 422 has turned in a counterclockwise direction from the position shown in Figs. 23 and 24 to that shown in Fig. 29.

Fig. 30 is a fragmentary elevational view, part- 1y insection, similar to Fig, 29, the parts being shown in the relative positions occupied during the last actuating cycle of an ordinal multiplication at the same'time of the cycle as that shown in Fig. 29.

Fig. 31 is a fragmentary elevational view partly 'in'section, similar to Figs. 29 and 30, the parts being shown in the relative positions occupied near the'beginning of the shift cycle of an ordinal multiplication, when the active rack 26! is at the top of its overstroke and the high point of cam 422 has moved past the associated roller 42!.

Fig. 32 is a fragmentary elevational view of the means for enabling the cam' which effects setting of the plus-minus gears to active position, the view being taken as indicated by the arrow 32 in Fig. 23.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION (Fig. 1, Sheet 1) The invention is described in a preferred form as adapted to a Thomas type calculating machine. Referring to Fig. 1, the machine includes body I2 comprising base I3 and easing I4 suitably secured thereon, and in which the actuating.

selecting, and control mechanisms are mounted, and carriage l6 which is mounted for endwise shifting movement transversely of body [2 and which carries numeral wheels I! and I8 of the accumulator and revolutions counter. respectively. Carriage I6 can be shifted by power in either direction by manipulation of respective shift keys I9, 20 through mechanism described hereinafter.

releasable individually by depression of ordinal clear keys 22A, or collectively by depression of keyboard clear key 23. Values introduced into the machine may be registered additively or subtractively on accumulator numeral wheels H by depression of plus key 25 or minus key 28, respectively, while the number of registrations or its complement can be entered in counter numeral wheels l8 by proper setting of control lever 21. If desired, add key 24 may be depressed to causeclearing or the keyboard in the usual manner after a single registration in the accumulator.

Values registered in numeral wheels I! and I8 can be erased, i. e. the registers can be zeroized. by manipulation of respective manually operable resetting handles 28, 29, or by power through depression of either of return and clear keys 30 and 30a. Depression of key 30 (or key 30a) first effects return of carriage Hi to its farthest left position and subsequently effects resetting of accumulator numeral wheels I! alone. or both numeral wheels I1 and counter numeral wheels [8 as selected by the setting of control lever 3|.

The machine is adapted to perform automatic plural order division by means of conventional construction including division starting control lever 32, and division stop lever 33 by means of which a division operation can be terminated at the end of any selected ordinal division. Automatic predetermined multiplication can also be performed by depression of multiplier selection keys 34 to set up the desired multiplier figure as indicated on dials 35, and by depression of one of positive and negative multiplication keys 36 or 31 to start the multiplying operation. desired to correct an erroneously entered multiple figure, multiplier correction key 38 maybe delater in detail.

With the above general organization 'of parts in mind, various of the above noted mechanisms will be described in detail insofar as deemed If it is necessary or desirable to an understanding of the present invention, it being understood that the mechanism which is not described fully may be of conventional construction, for example, of the type disclosed in my co-pending application. Serial No. 724,482, filed May 8, 1934.

Surzcrmc AND Acruarmc MECHANISMS (Figs. 1-4, Sheets 1 and 2) Within casing I4, the frame includes left and right side plates 45. 48 (Figs. 1, 2 and 3) which are suitably mounted on base I3 and are interconnected by various cross frame members including one or more tie rods 41 and transverse plates 48, 49 and 58 for supporting various mechanisms including the selecting and actuating mechanisms.

The values to be introduced into accumulator numeral wheels I1 are selected by means of a plurality of similar orders of selecting mechanism associated with numeral keys 22. For this purpose. each bank or order of keys 22 (Fig. 2) cooperates with a pair of similar parallel springurged value selecting slides 54 (Figs. 2-4) mounted for endwise movement by a suitable supporting linkage and extending through suitable slots in cross frame plate 58. Each slide 54 is provided with cam surfaces of varying inclination for cooperation with suitable pins on certain of keys 22 to effect a differential movement of slide 54 on depression of a key 22. One slide 54 of each order cooperates with the 1" to 5 keys 22 of a bank, while the other slide 54 of an order cooperates with the 6 to "9 keys 22 of the bank.

Each bank of keys 22 Fig. 2) has a latching slide 55 of conventional construction associated therewith to latch any depressed key 22 releasably in depressed position against the tension of the spring associated therewith. To release depressed numeral keys, the latching slides 55 may be operated in any convenient manner by zero and clear keys 22a and 23 and by power as controlled by depression of add key 24.

Each selecting slide 54 (Figs. 2-4) is connected at its rear end with a ten-tooth gear 56 slidably and non-rotatably mounted on longitudinal square shaft 51, whereby movement of slid 54 serves to position the associated gear 56 on shaft 51 with respect to stepped teeth 58 of the associated actuating cylinder 59 in accordance with the value of the depressed numeral ke 22. A pair of actuating cylinders 59 for adjacent orders of the machine are mounted on each longitudinal actuating shaft 8|, wihch is suitably joumalled in cross plates 49 and 58 and has a bevel gear connection 82 with transverse shaft 88. Shaft 83 is operable cyclically in a single direction from clutch controlled driving means as described hereinafter to provide the only path of power flow from the motor.

As seen in Fig. 3, the pair of square shafts 51 associated with each actuating shaft 6| are positioned above and to either side thereof, while the sets of gears 55 on respective square shafts 51 are offset longitudinally of the machine for cooperation with the similarly offset actuating cylinders 59. By the above arrangement and upon each rotation of the actuating means, a selected number of increments of movement can be imparted to each shaft 51 by the associated actuating cylinder 59 in accordance with the adjusted position of gears 58.

Each shaft 51 (Figs. 2 and 3) is suitably journalled in cross plates 48, 49 and 58, and between III plates 48 and 49 has associated therewith selectively settable plus-minus gears for driving an aligned numeral wheel I1. The plusminus gears of each order of the machine include a spool 1| slidably and non-rotatably mounted on shaft 51 and having opposed ten-tooth bevel gears 12, 13 arranged for selective engagement with gear 14 on numeral wheel shaft 15. The engagement of gears 12 and 13 with gear 14 is controlled by strap 11 which extends transversely of the machine between each set of plus-minus gears 12, 13 and is mounted by similar spaced arms 18 on transverse shaft 19, which is suitably journalled in side plates and 45. Shaft 19 is controlled in a manner hereinafter described to determine positive registration by meshing gears 12 with gears 14. and negative registration by meshing gears 18 with gears 14. In the neutral position shown in Fig. 2 in which gears 12 and 13 may be held normally by suitable spring-urged centralizing means associated with strap 11, carriage shifting can be effected.

During both additive and subtractive registration of values in numeral wheels I1. suitable transfer mechanism of conventional construction may be operative to effect the tens transfer as disclosed, for example, in said application.

DRIVE MECHANISM (Figs. 2 and 5, Sheets 2 and 3) As stated above, the actuating means is operable cyclically to effect registration in the accumulator of the values set into the machine by depression of the numeral keys. For this purpose a clutch controlled drive is provided for the actuating mechanism which preferably forms the sole drive means for all power driven parts of the machine. The source of power of the drive means comprises electric motor 8| (Fig, 2) provided with drive shaft 82 carrying drive gear 83 (Fig. 5) which is connected by idler gear 84 with gear 88 journalled on transverse shaft 63 and carrying driving clutch element 01' ratchet 81 on its hub. Driven clutch element 88 is secured on shaft 88 and has pivoted thereon spring-urged clutch pawl 89 having a tooth forengagement with the teeth of ratchet 81 to establish the drive connection. Pawl 89 is spring-urged to operative position but is restrained in the neutral or full cycle position of the parts by clutch control lever 9| pivoted at 92 on side plate 46. Lever 9| carries roller 93, which seats in depression 94 on clutch element 88 in the full cycle position there-- of, and in other positions thereof maintains lever 9| in its clutch engaging position for a purpose later referred to.

It is seen, therefore, that one or more cycles of operation of the actuating mechanism can be determined by oscillation of clutch control lever 9|.

Simultaneously with movement of control lever 9|, the circuit for motor 8| is established, and for this purpose pin I82 (Fig. 5) on the upper arm of clutch control lever 9| is connected by link I83 with lever I84 pivoted at I85 on side plate 45 and connected at its lower end with lever I81 also pivoted on plate 46. Lever I81 has a suitable insulated pin in overlapping relation with spring mounted contact I88 normally spaced from similar contact I89. Thus, clockwise movement of clutch control lever 9| serve through link I83 and lever I84 to oscillate lever I81 in a counterclockwise direction, whereby contact I88 is engaged with contact I89 to establish the circuit for the motor. It will be noted that roller 93 in main- 

